Postharvest Studies

Crop	Country	Study	Applicated In	Process/Model	Publication	Year
Vitamin A Cassava	Colombia	Retention / Degradation / Stability	Intermediate product	Storage Boiling Drying	Retention of carotenoids in cassava roots submitted to different processing methods https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jsfa.2704	2007
Vitamin A Cassava	Colombia	Retention / Degradation / Stability	Final product	Storage Boiling Drying	Retention of carotenoids in cassava roots submitted to different processing methods https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jsfa.2704	2007
Vitamin A Cassava	Brazil	Retention / Degradation / Stability	Final product	Boiling	Retention of total carotenoid and β-carotene in yellow sweet cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) after domestic cooking https://foodandnutritionresearch.net/index.php/fnr/article/view/485	2012
Vitamin A Cassava	Colombia	Retention / Degradation / Stability	Final product	Boiling	Spatial distribution of dry matter in yellow fleshed cassava roots and its influence on carotenoid retention upon boiling https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096399691100562X	2012
Vitamin A Cassava	Nigeria	Retention / Degradation / Stability	Intermediate product	Fermentation Roasting	Impact of Style of Processing on Retention and Bioaccessibility of β-Carotene in Cassava (Manihot esculanta, Crantz) https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jf803053d#	2009
Vitamin A Cassava	Nigeria	Retention / Degradation / Stability	Final product	Fermentation Sieving Cooking Boiling	Impact of Style of Processing on Retention and Bioaccessibility of β-Carotene in Cassava (Manihot esculanta, Crantz) https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jf803053d#	2009
Vitamin A Cassava	Nigeria	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Intermediate product	Mixed with water In vitro	Impact of Style of Processing on Retention and Bioaccessibility of β-Carotene in Cassava (Manihot esculanta, Crantz) https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jf803053d#	2009
Vitamin A Cassava	Nigeria	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product	In vitro Fermentation Sieving Cooking Boiling	Impact of Style of Processing on Retention and Bioaccessibility of β-Carotene in Cassava (Manihot esculanta, Crantz) https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jf803053d#	2009
Vitamin A Cassava	Brazil	Retention / Degradation / Stability	Final product	Boiling Frying	Impact of Genotype and Cooking Style on the Content, Retention, and Bioacessibility of β-Carotene in Biofortified Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) C https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/jf5018302	2014
Vitamin A Cassava	Brazil	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product	In vitro Boiling Frying	Impact of Genotype and Cooking Style on the Content, Retention, and Bioacessibility of β-Carotene in Biofortified Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) C https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/jf5018302	2014
Vitamin A Cassava	Brazil	Retention / Degradation / Stability	Intermediate product	Storage	Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos - Artigo em periódico indexado (ALICE) https://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/handle/doc/867948	2010
Vitamin A Cassava	Nigeria	Retention / Degradation / Stability	Intermediate product	Storage	Carotenoid stability during storage of yellow gari made from biofortified cassava or with palm oil https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S088915751500143X?via%3Dihub	2015
Vitamin A Cassava	Nigeria	Retention / Degradation / Stability	Intermediate product	Peeled Grated Mashed Fermentation	Physical losses could partially explain modest carotenoid retention in dried food products from biofortified cassava https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0194402	2018
Vitamin A Cassava	Nigeria	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product	In vitro Boiling	β-Carotene Micellarization during in Vitro Digestion and Uptake by Caco-2 Cells Is Directly Proportional to β-Carotene Content in Different Genotypes of Cassava https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/137/10/2229/4750712	2007
Vitamin A Sweet Potato	Uganda	Retention / Degradation / Stability	No transformed crop	Drying Storage	Effect of drying and storage on the degradation of total carotenoids in orange‐fleshed sweetpotato cultivars https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jsfa.3859	2010
Vitamin A Cassava	Brazil	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Intermediate product		Effects of Boiling and Frying on the Bioaccessibility of β-Carotene in Yellow-Fleshed Cassava Roots (Manihot Esculenta Crantz cv. BRS Jari) https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/156482651303400108	2013
Vitamin A Cassava	Brazil	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product		Effects of Boiling and Frying on the Bioaccessibility of β-Carotene in Yellow-Fleshed Cassava Roots (Manihot Esculenta Crantz cv. BRS Jari) https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/156482651303400108	2013
Vitamin A Cassava	Kenya	Efficacy	Intermediate product		Biofortified cassava increases β-carotene and vitamin A concentrations in the TAG-rich plasma layer of American women https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/article/biofortified-cassava-increases-carotene-and-vitamin-a-Concentrations-in-the-tagrich-plasma-layer-of-american-women/C7C3E60E9E33067909ADE045057F9829	2014
Vitamin A Cassava	Nigeria	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product	Fermentation Roasting In animal	Bioavailability of Beta Carotene in Traditional Fermented, Roasted Granules, Gari from Bio-Fortified Cassava Roots http://file.scirp.org/Html/40479.html	2013
Vitamin A Cassava	Nigeria	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product	In animal	Cassava with enhanced β-carotene maintains adequate vitamin A status in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) despite substantial cis-isomer content https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/article/cassava-with-enhanced-carotene-maintains-adequate-vitamin-a-status-in-mongolian-gerbils-meriones-unguiculatus-despite-substantial-cisisomer-content/EC78CBCF7EE0F61EF7B1270F3FC0A6AD	2009
Vitamin A Cassava	Kenya	Efficacy	Final product	Human	Biofortified yellow cassava and vitamin A status of Kenyan children: a randomized controlled trial https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/103/1/258/4662849	2016
Vitamin A Sweet Potato	Mozambique	Retention / Degradation / Stability	Intermediate product	Drying Milling	Effect of hot air, solar and sun drying treatments on provitamin A retention in orange-fleshed sweetpotato https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0260877408005359?via%3Dihub	2009
Vitamin A Sweet Potato	Uganda	Retention / Degradation / Stability	Final product	Drying Storage	Effect of drying and storage on the degradation of total carotenoids in orange‐fleshed sweetpotato cultivars https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jsfa.3859	2010
Vitamin A Sweet Potato	Uganda	Retention / Degradation / Stability	Final product	Frying Boiling Steaming Drying	Effects of various traditional processing methods on the all-trans-β-carotene content of orange-fleshed sweet potato https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889157507001299	2008
Vitamin A Sweet Potato	South Africa	Retention / Degradation / Stability	Intermediate product	Boiling Mashed	Retention of β-carotene in boiled, mashed orange-fleshed sweet potato https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889157505000219?via%3Dihub	2006
Vitamin A Sweet Potato	South Africa	Retention / Degradation / Stability	Final product	Boiling Mashed	Retention of β-carotene in boiled, mashed orange-fleshed sweet potato https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889157505000219?via%3Dihub	2006
Vitamin A Sweet Potato	China	Retention / Degradation / Stability	Final product	Frying Boiling Steaming Microwave cooking Drying	β-Carotene content in sweet potato varieties from China and the effect of preparation on ?-carotene retention in the Yanshu No. 5 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1466856408000532?via%3Dihub	2008
Vitamin A Sweet Potato	Brazil	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product	In vitro Frying Boiling	Comparison of Content and In vitro Bioaccessibility of Provitamin A Carotenoids in Home Cooked and Commercially Processed Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato (Ipomea batatas Lam) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270597512_Comparison_of_Content_and_In_vitro_Bioaccesibility_of_Provitamin_A_Carotenoids_in_Home_Cooked_and_Commercially_Processed_Orange_Fleshed_Sweet_Potato_Ipomea_batatas_Lam	2015
Vitamin A Sweet Potato	Peru	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product	In vitro Boiling	In Vitro Bioaccessibility of ?-Carotene in Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas, Lam.) https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf900415g	2009
Vitamin A Sweet Potato	Uganda	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product	In vitro	Microstructure and In Vitro Beta Carotene Bioaccessibility of Heat Processed Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11130-009-0142-z	2009
Vitamin A Sweet Potato	Uganda	Retention / Degradation / Stability	Final product	Frying Boiling Steaming Baking In vitro	Microstructure and In Vitro Beta Carotene Bioaccessibility of Heat Processed Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11130-009-0142-z	2009
Vitamin A Sweet Potato	Uganda	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product	In vitro Frying Boiling Steaming Baking	Microstructure and In Vitro Beta Carotene Bioaccessibility of Heat Processed Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11130-009-0142-z	2009
Vitamin A Sweet Potato	Uganda	Retention / Degradation / Stability	Final product	Boiling In vitro	Retention and Bioaccessibility of ?-Carotene in Blended Foods Containing Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato Flour https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf201205y	2010
Vitamin A Sweet Potato	Uganda	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product	In vitro Boiling	Retention and Bioaccessibility of ?-Carotene in Blended Foods Containing Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato Flour https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf201205y	2010
Vitamin A Sweet Potato	Mozambique	Retention / Degradation / Stability	Intermediate product	Oil addition to flour	Effects of Thermal Processing on the in Vitro Bioaccessibility and Microstructure of ?-Carotene in Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf1024104	2010
Vitamin A Sweet Potato	Mozambique	Retention / Degradation / Stability	Final product	Oil addition to flour Boiling Pureeing	Effects of Thermal Processing on the in Vitro Bioaccessibility and Microstructure of ?-Carotene in Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf1024104	2010
Vitamin A Sweet Potato	Mozambique	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Intermediate product	Oil addition to flour In vitro	Effects of Thermal Processing on the in Vitro Bioaccessibility and Microstructure of ?-Carotene in Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf1024104	2010
Vitamin A Sweet Potato	Mozambique	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product	In vitro Oil addition to flour Boiling Pureeing	Effects of Thermal Processing on the in Vitro Bioaccessibility and Microstructure of ?-Carotene in Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf1024104	2010
Vitamin A Sweet Potato	Bangladesh	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Intermediate product	In animal	Sweet Potato β-Carotene Bioefficacy Is Enhanced by Dietary Fat and Not Reduced by Soluble Fiber Intake in Mongolian Gerbils https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/139/1/44/4750893	2009
Vitamin A Sweet Potato	South Africa	Efficacy	Final product	Human	β-Carotene–rich orange-fleshed sweet potato improves the vitamin A status of primary school children assessed with the modified-relative-dose-response test https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/81/5/1080/4649537	2005
Vitamin A Sweet Potato	Mozambique	Effectiveness	Final product		A Food-Based Approach Introducing Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potatoes Increased Vitamin A Intake and Serum Retinol Concentrations in Young Children in Rural Mozambique https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/137/5/1320/4664637	2007
Vitamin A Sweet Potato	Bangladesh	Efficacy	Final product	Human	Daily Consumption of Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato for 60 Days Increased Plasma ?-Carotene Concentration but Did Not Increase Total Body Vitamin A Pool Size in Bangladeshi Women https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/142/10/1896/4630710	2012
Vitamin A Sweet Potato	Mozambique	Effectiveness	Final product		A large-scale intervention to introduce orange sweet potato in rural Mozambique increases vitamin A intakes among children and women https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/article/largescale-intervention-to-introduce-orange-sweet-potato-in-rural-mozambique-increases-vitamin-a-intakes-among-children-and-women/08AF35EE3A9688499E9904F78041FCE3	2012
Vitamin A Sweet Potato	Uganda	Effectiveness	Final product		Introduction of β-Carotene–Rich Orange Sweet Potato in Rural Uganda Resulted in Increased Vitamin A Intakes among Children and Women and Improved Vitamin A Status among Children https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/142/10/1871/4630690#	2012
Zinc Rice	Philippines	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product	Human Milling Cooking	Bioavailability of Zinc from Cooked Philippine Milled, Undermilled, and Brown Rice, as Assessed in Rats by Using Growth, Bone Zinc, and Zinc-65 Retention https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf020222b	2002
Zinc Rice	China	Retention / Degradation / Stability	Intermediate product	Milling Drying	Milling characteristics and distribution of phytic acid and zinc in long-, medium- and short-grain rice https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0733521007001555?via%3Dihub	2008
Zinc Rice	Bangladesh	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Intermediate product	Polished Undermilled In vitro	Biofortification of Rice with Zinc: Assessment of the Relative Bioavailability of Zinc in a Caco-2 Cell Model and Suckling Rat Pups https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf202338t	2012
Zinc Rice	Bangladesh	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product	In vitro	Biofortification of Rice with Zinc: Assessment of the Relative Bioavailability of Zinc in a Caco-2 Cell Model and Suckling Rat Pups https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf202338t	2012
Zinc Rice	Bangladesh	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product	Human Cooking	Total Zinc Absorption from a Diet Containing either Conventional Rice or Higher-Zinc Rice Does Not Differ among Bangladeshi Preschool Children https://academic.oup.com/jn/article-lookup/doi/10.3945/jn.112.169169	2013
Zinc Rice	Bangladesh	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product	Human	Zinc Absorption by Adults Is Similar from Intrinsically Labeled Zinc-Biofortified Rice and from Rice Fortified with Labeled Zinc Sulfate https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/146/1/76/4585657	2016
Zinc Rice	Bangladesh	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product		A moderate increase in dietary zinc reduces DNA strand breaks in leukocytes and alters plasma proteins without changing plasma zinc concentrations https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/105/2/343/4637488	2017
Vitamin A Maize	Zambia	Retention / Degradation / Stability	Intermediate product	Drying Storage Milling	Carotenoid retention in biofortified maize using different post-harvest storage and packaging methods https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030881461730554X?via%3Dihub	2017
Vitamin A Maize	Mexico	Retention / Degradation / Stability	Intermediate product	Storage	Retention of Carotenoids in Biofortified Maize Flour and ?-Cryptoxanthin-Enhanced Eggs after Household Cooking https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.7b01202	2017
Vitamin A Maize	Mexico	Retention / Degradation / Stability	Final product	Storage	Retention of Carotenoids in Biofortified Maize Flour and ?-Cryptoxanthin-Enhanced Eggs after Household Cooking https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.7b01202	2017
Vitamin A Maize	Thailand	Retention / Degradation / Stability	Intermediate product	Milling Storage	Influence of Temperature and Humidity on the Stability of Carotenoids in Biofortified Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes during Controlled Postharvest Storage https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05698	2016
Vitamin A Maize	Zambia	Retention / Degradation / Stability	Intermediate product	Boiling Roasting Milling Storage	Carotenoid Retention of Biofortified Provitamin A Maize (Zea mays L.) after Zambian Traditional Methods of Milling, Cooking and Storage https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jf501233f	2014
Vitamin A Maize	Zambia	Retention / Degradation / Stability	Final product	Boiling	Carotenoid Retention of Biofortified Provitamin A Maize (Zea mays L.) after Zambian Traditional Methods of Milling, Cooking and Storage https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jf501233f	2014
Vitamin A Maize	Mexico	Retention / Degradation / Stability	Intermediate product	Nixtamalization Nixtamalized extrusion Milling	Effect of Traditional and Extrusion Nixtamalization on Carotenoid Retention in Tortillas Made from Provitamin A Biofortified Maize (Zea mays L.) https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02951	2016
Vitamin A Maize	Mexico	Retention / Degradation / Stability	Final product	Griddling	Effect of Traditional and Extrusion Nixtamalization on Carotenoid Retention in Tortillas Made from Provitamin A Biofortified Maize (Zea mays L.) https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02951	2016
Vitamin A Maize	Zambia	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product	Human Drying Milling Cooking	Vitamin A equivalence of the β-carotene in β-carotene–biofortified maize porridge consumed by women https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/92/5/1105/4597516	2010
Vitamin A Maize	Zimbabwe	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product	Human Milling Boiling	Yellow maize with high β-carotene is an effective source of vitamin A in healthy Zimbabwean men https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/94/2/510/4597890	2014
Vitamin A Maize	Zambia	Efficacy	Final product	Human	Biofortified orange maize is as efficacious as a vitamin A supplement in Zambian children even in the presence of high liver reserves of vitamin A: a community-based, randomized placebo-controlled trial https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/100/6/1541/4576610	2014
Vitamin A Maize	Zambia	Efficacy	Final product	Human	Provitamin A–biofortified maize increases serum β-carotene, but not retinol, in marginally nourished children: a cluster-randomized trial in rural Zambia https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/104/1/181/4633924	2016
Vitamin A Maize	Zambia	Efficacy	Final product	Human	Provitamin A Carotenoid–Biofortified Maize Consumption Increases Pupillary Responsiveness among Zambian Children in a Randomized Controlled Trial https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/146/12/2551/4590001	2016
Iron Beans	Rwanda	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product	Human	Phytic Acid Concentration Influences Iron Bioavailability from Biofortified Beans in Rwandese Women with Low Iron Status https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/144/11/1681/4590064	2014
Iron Beans	Brazil	Retention / Degradation / Stability	No transformed crop		Iron and zinc retention in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) after home cooking https://foodandnutritionresearch.net/index.php/fnr/article/view/487	2012
Iron Beans	Brazil	Retention / Degradation / Stability	Final product	Regular pot Pressure cooker	Iron and zinc retention in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) after home cooking https://foodandnutritionresearch.net/index.php/fnr/article/view/487	2012
Iron Beans	Rwanda	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product	In vitro and animal	Iron and Zinc Bioavailabilities to Pigs from Red and White Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Are Similar https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf803647m	2009
Iron Beans	Uganda	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product	In vitro and animal Cooking	Biofortified red mottled beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in a maize and bean diet provide more bioavailable iron than standard red mottled beans: Studies in poultry (Gallus gallus) and an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 model https://nutritionj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-2891-10-113	2011
Iron Beans	Rwanda	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product	In vitro and animal Cooking	Biofortified red mottled beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in a maize and bean diet provide more bioavailable iron than standard red mottled beans: Studies in poultry (Gallus gallus) and an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 model https://nutritionj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-2891-10-113	2011
Iron Beans	Brazil	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product	In vitro and animal Cooking Freeze dried Milling	Evaluation of iron and zinc bioavailability of beans targeted for biofortification using in vitro and in vivo models and their effect on the nutritional status of preschool children https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jsfa.7226	2016
Iron Beans	Rwanda	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product	Human Soaking Boiling Storage	Stable Iron Isotope Studies in Rwandese Women Indicate That the Common Bean Has Limited Potential as a Vehicle for Iron Biofortification https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/142/3/492/4630877	2012
Iron Beans	Rwanda	Efficacy	Final product	Human	Effects of an Iron-biofortification Feeding Trial on Physical Performance of Rwandan Women http://www.sciencedomain.org/index.php?/abstract/11124	2016
Iron Beans	Rwanda	Efficacy	Final product	Human	Consumption of Iron-Biofortified Beans Positively Affects Cognitive Performance in 18- to 27-Year-Old Rwandan Female College Students in an 18-Week Randomized Controlled Efficacy Trial https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/147/11/2109/4743232	2017
Zinc Rice	China	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product	In vitro Drying Polished Cooking	Biofortification and Bioavailability of Rice Grain Zinc as Affected by Different Forms of Foliar Zinc Fertilization https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045428	2012
Vitamin A Sweet Potato	Malawi	Sensory acceptability	Final product		Sensory and cultural acceptability tradeoffs with nutritional content of biofortified orange-fleshed sweetpotato varieties among households with children in Malawi https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0204754	2018
Vitamin A Cassava	Kenya	Efficacy	Final product	Human	The potential contribution of yellow cassava to dietary nutrient adequacy of primary-school children in Eastern Kenya; the use of linear programming https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/public-health-nutrition/article/potential-contribution-of-yellow-cassava-to-dietary-nutrient-adequacy-of-primaryschool-children-in-eastern-kenya-the-use-of-linear-programming/4603905A0D067C2BAA9675B1D0474865	2018
Zinc Wheat	Pakistan	Efficacy	Final product	Human	The BiZiFED project: Biofortified zinc flour to eliminate deficiency in Pakistan https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/nbu.12362	2019
Zinc Wheat	Pakistan	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	No transformed crop		Zinc bioavailability in maize grains in response of phosphorous–zinc interaction https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jpln.201500441	2016
Zinc Wheat	China	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	No transformed crop		Agronomic Approach of Zinc Biofortification Can Increase Zinc Bioavailability in Wheat Flour and thereby Reduce Zinc Deficiency in Humans https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/9/5/465	2017
Zinc Wheat	China	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Intermediate product	Milling	Agronomic Approach of Zinc Biofortification Can Increase Zinc Bioavailability in Wheat Flour and thereby Reduce Zinc Deficiency in Humans https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/9/5/465	2017
Zinc Wheat	India	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	No transformed crop	Fertilization	Rescheduling zinc fertilization and cultivar choice improve zinc sequestration and its bioavailability in wheat grains and flour https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429016303112	2017
Zinc Wheat	Mexico	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	No transformed crop	Drying	Potential for Improving Bioavailable Zinc in Wheat Grain (Triticum Species) through Plant Breeding https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf040238x	2005
Zinc Wheat	India	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Intermediate product	Milling In vitro and animal	Bioavailability of Trace Elements in Beans and Zinc-Biofortified Wheat in Pigs https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12011-012-9453-2	2012
Zinc Wheat	Mexico	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product		The Quantity of Zinc Absorbed from Wheat in Adult Women Is Enhanced by Biofortification https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/139/10/1920/4670318	2009
Zinc Wheat	India	Efficacy	Final product	Human	Efficacy of high zinc biofortified wheat in improvement of micronutrient status, and prevention of morbidity among preschool children and women - a double masked, randomized, controlled trial https://nutritionj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12937-018-0391-5	2018
Zinc Wheat	Pakistan	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	No transformed crop		Characterizing bread wheat genotypes of Pakistani origin for grain zinc biofortification potential https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jsfa.9010	2016
Zinc Wheat	China	Retention / Degradation / Stability	No transformed crop	Foliar application	Zinc biofortification of wheat through fertilizer applications in different locations of China https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037842901100267X	2012
Zinc Wheat	China	Retention / Degradation / Stability	Intermediate product	Foliar application	Zinc biofortification of wheat through fertilizer applications in different locations of China https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037842901100267X	2012
Iron Pearl Millet	India	Efficacy	Final product		Cognitive Performance in Indian School-Going Adolescents Is Positively Affected by Consumption of Iron-Biofortified Pearl Millet: A 6-Month Randomized Controlled Efficacy Trial https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/148/9/1462/5054991	2018
Iron Pearl Millet	India	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product	Human Milling	Biofortification of Pearl Millet with Iron and Zinc in a Randomized Controlled Trial Increases Absorption of These Minerals above Physiologic Requirements in Young Children https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/143/9/1489/4571622	2013
Iron Pearl Millet	India	Efficacy	Final product	Human	A Randomized Trial of Iron-Biofortified Pearl Millet in School Children in India https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/145/7/1576/4644387	2015
Iron Pearl Millet	Benin	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product	Human Boiling Milling	Total Iron Absorption by Young Women from Iron-Biofortified Pearl Millet Composite Meals Is Double That from Regular Millet Meals but Less Than That from Post-Harvest Iron-Fortified Millet Meals https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/143/9/1376/4571564	2013
Iron Pearl Millet	Benin	Retention / Degradation / Stability	Intermediate product	Milling	Total Iron Absorption by Young Women from Iron-Biofortified Pearl Millet Composite Meals Is Double That from Regular Millet Meals but Less Than That from Post-Harvest Iron-Fortified Millet Meals https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/143/9/1376/4571564	2013
Iron Pearl Millet	Benin	Retention / Degradation / Stability	Final product	Boiling	Total Iron Absorption by Young Women from Iron-Biofortified Pearl Millet Composite Meals Is Double That from Regular Millet Meals but Less Than That from Post-Harvest Iron-Fortified Millet Meals https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/143/9/1376/4571564	2013
Iron Pearl Millet	Benin	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product		Iron Bioavailability from a Lipid-Based Complementary Food Fortificant Mixed with Millet Porridge Can Be Optimized by Adding Phytase and Ascorbic Acid but Not by Using a Mixture of Ferrous Sulfate and Sodium Iron EDTA https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/143/8/1233/4571585	2013
Iron Pearl Millet	India	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Intermediate product		Relative Contribution of Phytates, Fibers, and Tannins to Low Iron and Zinc in Vitro Solubility in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) Flour and Grain Fractions https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf050741p	2005
Iron Pearl Millet	India	Efficacy	Final product		Effect of iron and zinc-biofortified pearl millet consumption on growth and immune competence in children aged 12–18 months in India: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/7/11/e017631	2017
Iron Beans	Colombia	Sensory acceptability	Final product		Scaling‐up biofortified beans high in iron and zinc through the school‐feeding program: A sensory acceptance study with schoolchildren from two departments in southwest Colombia https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/fsn3.632	2018
Zinc Rice	Philippines	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Intermediate product	Polished Undermilled In vitro	Biofortification of Rice with Zinc: Assessment of the Relative Bioavailability of Zinc in a Caco-2 Cell Model and Suckling Rat Pups https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf202338t	2012
Zinc Rice	Philippines	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product	In vitro	Biofortification of Rice with Zinc: Assessment of the Relative Bioavailability of Zinc in a Caco-2 Cell Model and Suckling Rat Pups https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf202338t	2012
Vitamin A Cassava	Congo, the Democratic Republic of the	Retention / Degradation / Stability	Final product		Carotenoids retention in biofortified yellow cassava processed with traditional African methods. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30191574	2019
Vitamin A Sweet Potato	South Africa	Efficacy	Final product		Improving the Dietary Vitamin A Content of Rural Communities in South Africa by Replacing Non-Biofortified white Maize and Sweet Potato with Biofortified Maize and Sweet Potato in Traditional Dishes. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31141908	2019
Vitamin A Sweet Potato	India	Sensory acceptability	Final product		A Randomized Crossover Study to Evaluate Recipe Acceptability in Breastfeeding Mothers and Young Children in India Targeted for a Multiple Biofortified Food Crop Intervention. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31359782	2019
Vitamin A Maize	South Africa	Efficacy	Final product		Improving the Dietary Vitamin A Content of Rural Communities in South Africa by Replacing Non-Biofortified white Maize and Sweet Potato with Biofortified Maize and Sweet Potato in Traditional Dishes. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31141908	2019
Iron Beans	Brazil	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product	In vitro	Fe and Zn in vitro bioavailability in relation to antinutritional factors in biofortified beans subjected to different processes https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2019/FO/C9FO00199A#!divAbstract	2019
Iron Beans	Rwanda	Efficacy	Final product	Human	Changes in Iron Status Are Related to Changes in Brain Activity and Behavior in Rwandan Female University Students: Results from a Randomized Controlled Efficacy Trial Involving Iron-Biofortified Beans. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30926992	2019
Iron Beans	Mexico	Efficacy	Final product	Human	A Randomized Feeding Trial of Iron-Biofortified Beans on School Children in Mexico. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30759887	2019
Zinc Wheat	India	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product	Human	Zinc Absorption From Agronomically Biofortified Wheat Is Similar to Post-Harvest Fortified Wheat and Is a Substantial Source of Bioavailable Zinc in Humans. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31004128	2019
Zinc Wheat	India	Sensory acceptability	Final product		A Randomized Crossover Study to Evaluate Recipe Acceptability in Breastfeeding Mothers and Young Children in India Targeted for a Multiple Biofortified Food Crop Intervention. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31359782	2019
Iron Pearl Millet	Burkina Faso	Sensory acceptability	Final product		Traditional African Dishes Prepared From Local Biofortified Varieties of Pearl Millet: Acceptability and Potential Contribution to Iron and Zinc Intakes of Burkinabe Young Children. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31475149	2019
Iron Pearl Millet	India	Sensory acceptability	Final product		A Randomized Crossover Study to Evaluate Recipe Acceptability in Breastfeeding Mothers and Young Children in India Targeted for a Multiple Biofortified Food Crop Intervention. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31359782	2019
Vitamin A Maize	Kenya	Retention / Degradation / Stability	Intermediate product		Determination of carotenoids in yellow maize, the effects of saponification and food preparations. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19003733	2018
Vitamin A Maize	Kenya	Retention / Degradation / Stability	Final product		Determination of carotenoids in yellow maize, the effects of saponification and food preparations. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19003733	2018
Iron Pearl Millet	India	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	No transformed crop		Relative Contribution of Phytates, Fibers, and Tannins to Low Iron and Zinc in Vitro Solubility in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) Flour and Grain Fractions https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf050741p	2005
Iron Beans	Rwanda	Efficacy	Final product	Human	Reference: Luna SV, Pompano LM, Lung´aho M, Gahutu JB, Haas JD. (2020). Increased Iron Status during a Feeding Trial of Iron-Biofortified Beans Increases Physical Work Efficiency in Rwandan Women. J Nutr. 2020 Jan 31. pii: nxaa016. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxaa016. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32006009	2020
Vitamin A Cassava	Kenya	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product	In vitro	In vitro estimates of iron bioavailability in some Kenyan complementary foods. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19689093	2009
Vitamin A Sweet Potato	Ghana	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product	In vitro	Iron Bioavailability and Provitamin A from Sweet Potato- and Cereal-Based Complementary Foods. Foods. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5224543/	2015
Vitamin A Cassava	Brazil	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product	In Vivo In animal	Bioavailability of Iron and the Influence of Vitamin a in Biofortified Foods. https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/9/12/777	2019
Vitamin A Sweet Potato	Brazil	Absorption / Bioaccessibility / Bioavailability / Bioconversion / Bioefficacy	Final product	In animal In vitro & in vivo	https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/9/12/777 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32088926	2020